In 1963 President Lyndon B. Johnson presented Oppenheimer with the Enrico Fermi Award of the Atomic Energy Commission. At the time, Spartacus Educational reported, Robert himself was in a relationship with a woman named Jean Tatlock. Oppenheimer's achievements in physics included the BornOppenheimer approximation for molecular wave functions, work on the theory of electrons and positrons, the OppenheimerPhillips process in nuclear fusion, and the first prediction of quantum tunneling. [7] , . Lawrence named his second son after Robert. Answer (1 of 7): Yes. (quoting the Bhagavad-Gita after witnessing the first Nuclear explosion.) , , , , . His mother, the former Ella Freedman, was a painter of near professional standard, and both parents had taste for art and music. At first, he denied these reports, but later admitted they were true. After the 1939 invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany, Oppenheimer was selected to administer a laboratory to carry out the Manhattan Project, the program that developed the first nuclear weapon during World War II. , , , . Oppenheimer went on to become chairman of the General Advisory Committee of the Atomic Energy Commission, which, in October 1949, opposed the development of the hydrogen bomb. .css-m6thd4{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:block;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:Gilroy,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.2;font-weight:bold;color:#323232;text-transform:capitalize;}@media (any-hover: hover){.css-m6thd4:hover{color:link-hover;}}8 Black Medical Pioneers You Should Know, Biography: You Need to Know: Fazlur Rahman Khan, Biography: You Need to Know: Tony Hansberry, Biography: You Need to Know: Bessie Blount Griffin, Biography: You Need to Know: Frances Glessner Lee, Biography: You Need To Know: Rachel Carson. Robert Julius OPPENHEIMER was born on month day 1904, at birth place, New York, to Julius Seligmann OPPENHEIMER and Ella OPPENHEIMER (born FRIEDMANN). PRINCETON, N. J., Feb. 18--Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer, the nuclear physicist, died here tonight at the age of 62. 106 Copy quote. Oppenheimers early research was devoted in particular to energy processes of subatomic particles, including electrons, positrons, and cosmic rays. [1] . [6]:185 He personally recruited artist Bob Miller to create Sun Painting, the first major art installation at the Exploratorium. Today, if J. Robert Oppenheimer could walk into the modest cottage on Bathtub Row where he and his family lived during World War II, he would recognize it immediately. (: Julius Robert Oppenheimer; 22 1904 - 18 1967) . He led the scientific end of the Manhattan Project in Los Alamos, New Mexico, beginning in 1942. "Her only interest was the Kennedy family," Oppenheimer told People magazine in 1991. [11] In late 1943 he arrived at the Los Alamos Laboratory, working directly under Kenneth T. Bainbridge. Frank Friedman Oppenheimer (August 14, 1912) was an American particle physicist, University of Colorado professor of physics, and founder of the Exploratorium in San Francisco. John G. Peters served in the 393rd Bombardment Squadron. Alternate titles: Julius Robert Oppenheimer, Former producer in French broadcasting. This led to rumors that he was a communist supporter. The Federation of American Scientists immediately came to his defense with a protest against the trial. , . Interviewed by director Jon Else, Frank Oppenheimer appears throughout The Day After Trinity (1980), an Academy Award-nominated documentary about J. Robert Oppenheimer and the building of the atomic bomb. In October of the same year, Oppenheimer resigned his post. In a 1954 security hearing he described his contribution to those discussions as a tissue of lies.. Julius was born on June 3 1865, in New York. Hearst Magazine Media, Inc. Site contains certain content that is owned A&E Television Networks, LLC. Per the Atomic Heritage Foundation, the pair also had two children together: a son, Peter, and a daughter, Toni. Her second husband, Joe Dallet, was a member of the American Communist Party. When asked why he continued to see Tatlock, he replied, "Because she was still in love with me" (per The Atlantic). Adding mentor for J. Robert Oppenheimer Type a name and select match from the drop-down list. In 1969, Oppenheimer founded the Exploratorium in San Francisco, and he served as its first director until his death in 1985. 1. Accusations of disloyalty led to a government hearing that resulted in the loss of his security clearance and of his position as adviser to the highest echelons of the U.S. government. In 1957, the Red Scare had lessened to the point that Oppenheimer was allowed to teach science at a local high school. J. Robert Oppenheimer was a man interested by mystic Eastern religions, a Communist sympathizer, and widely considered, "the father of the atomic bomb." Over 70 years after the Manhattan Project, the world is still reeling from the effects of dropping the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. He was presented with the award by President Lyndon B. Johnson in December of that year. Philosophy, chemistry, English you name it, he aced it. Please enable JavaScript in your browser's settings to use this part of Geni. The Oppenheimer family had an impressive art collection, including works by Picasso, Vuillard, and three Van Gogh originals. , . "The Kennedy name, what Bobby could do in the future, what the other Kennedys were doing, what Jack's. On the other hand, Oppenheimer's birth certificate reads "Julius Robert Oppenheimer". , . Oppenheimer was made the worldwide symbol of the scientist, who, while trying to resolve the moral problems that arise from scientific discovery, becomes the victim of a witch hunt. Nine years later, President John F. Kennedy awarded (and Lyndon B. Johnson presented) him with the Enrico Fermi Award as a gesture of political rehabilitation. Oppenheimer's father, Julius Oppenheimer, was a German immigrant who was involved in the textile business. While completing his PhD work at the California Institute of Technology, Oppenheimer became engaged to Jacquenette Quann, an economics student at the University of California, Berkeley; she was also active in the Young Communist League. While it comes far too late for Oppenheimer, his family, and his colleagues to appreciate, the McCarthy-era campaign to discredit Oppenheimer is now itself officially discredited as "a flawed process that violated the Commission's own regulations," in the words of the DOE's recent announcement. Oppenheimers family was part of the Ethical Culture Society, an outgrowth of American Reform Judaism founded and led at the time by Dr. Felix Adler. Per The Atlantic, the affair continued even when Robert and Kitty moved from Pasadena, California to Los Alamos in 1943. Robert's father, Julius Oppenheimer, was born on May 12, 1871, in the German town of Hanau, just east of Frankfurt. Simon Oppenheimer 04 Jul 1854 Paris, . Not initially but when the gravity of his actions hit him, he expressed remorse. Last edited on 27 November 2022, at 04:40, University of California Radiation Laboratory, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC). , , . [23] Historical archives of the Exploratorium (1957present) are also kept at the Bancroft. , ' ' , . In 1942, Oppenheimer and other physicists were appointed to the Manhattan Project to develop a nuclear bomb to be used during World War II. Historians Alice Kimball Smith and Charles Weiner sum up the general historical opinion in their volume Robert Oppenheimer: Letters and recollections, on page 1: "Whether the 'J' in Robert's name stood for Julius or, as Robert himself once said, 'for nothing' may never be fully resolved. His parents, Julius S. Oppenheimer, a wealthy German textile merchant, and Ella Friedman, an artist, were of Jewish descent but did not observe the religious traditions. [2] The bulk of this collection covers his work in physics and education in the years leading up to his founding of the Exploratorium. His father, Julius, had fled Jewish persecution in Europe as a teenager. Julius was born on June 3 1865, in New York. Oppenheimer was able to fund the opening of the Exploratorium partly due to a grant from the San Francisco Foundation. Nearly 70 years after having his security clearance revoked by the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) due to suspicion of being a Soviet spy, Manhattan Project physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer has. -50 -60 , , . Robert Oppenheimer Character Analysis. Robert passed away on month day 1967, at age 62 at death place. 1965, :[14]. On July 12, 1947, the Washington Times Herald reported that Oppenheimer had been a member of the Communist Party during the years 19371939. The Oppenheimers, through their company Shangani Holistic, turned to the courts after a South African firm Pearline Mineral Exploration started conducting an aerial geophysical survey of the property. ' , , . Today, he is often called the "father of the atomic bomb.". Before the committee, he testified that he and his wife had been members of the Communist Party for about three and a half years. Family Trees. Despite their strained relationship, The Mercury News writes, Robert and Kitty remained together until his death in 1967. When young Robert was five years old, the Oppenheimer family went on a trip . Oppenheimers old Communist sympathies were dredged up and his clearance was revoked a mere 32 hours before it was set to expire. In fact, she was married to her third husband, Richard Harrison, when she met her future fourth husband. W hen J Robert Oppenheimer first saw the awful power of the atomic bomb, in the Trinity test at Los Alamos, New Mexico, in 1945, he was reminded of the words in the Bhagavad Gita, "Now I am become . 1 The fither was a successful businessman, and the family was well-to-do. Robert Oppenheimer. His academic prowess was apparent very early on, and by the age of 10, Oppenheimer was studying minerals, physics, and chemistry. . Husband of Katherine (Puening) Oppenheimer married 1 Nov 1940 in United States. Frank Friedman Oppenheimer was born in 1912 in New York City to Julius Oppenheimer and Ella Friedman. A collection of selected Oppenheimer papers on science, art, and education is available online at the Exploratorium website. Husband of Katherine Oppenheimer National Museum of Nuclear Science & History, J. Robert Oppenheimer (1904-1967) was an American theoretical physicist. After the war, Oppenheimer returned to Berkeley, working with Luis Alvarez and Wolfgang Panofsky to develop the proton linear accelerator. With a project so big that involved the hard work of hundreds of gifted scientists, it may appear quite undue to give so much credit on the shoulders of Oppenheimer was married to a botanist, Kitty. [3][4], In 1983, lung cancer was discovered (he was a heavy smoker[6]), and he underwent a lobectomy, in spite of which he continued to play the flute. Copyright 2022 by the Atomic Heritage Foundation. Tatlock, per another article from the Atomic Heritage Foundation, was a psychologist and a known communist party member. [citation needed], Oppenheimer was involved in the founding of the Association of Los Alamos Scientists, on August 30, 1945. After Kennedy's assassination, President Lyndon B. Johnson presented the award to him in December of that year. In 1943 he chose the plateau of Los Alamos, near Santa Fe, New Mexico. They lived in an apartment overlooking the Hudson River and vacationed . He graduated as valedictorian of his high school class in 1921, but fell ill with a near-fatal case of dysentery and was forced to postpone enrolling at Harvard. In addition, he trained a whole generation of U.S. physicists, who were greatly affected by his qualities of leadership and intellectual independence. -1945. "Julius Robert Oppenheimer (April 22, 1904 February 18, 1967) was an American theoretical physicist and professor of physics at the University of California, Berkeley. [2], , . While many of the details were already known, the newly released material bolstered Oppenheimers assertions of loyalty and reinforced the perception that a brilliant scientist had been brought low by a bureaucratic cocktail of professional jealousy and McCarthyism. . Frank Friedman Oppenheimer (August 14, 1912 February 3, 1985) was an American particle physicist, cattle rancher, professor of physics at the University of Colorado, and the founder of the Exploratorium in San Francisco. In 1977, Oppenheimer was diagnosed with lymphoma, and underwent two years of successful chemotherapy. " ", , , . The Oppenheimer were a wealthy family; the father was a textile importer while the mother was described as a near-professional artist. Search 502 then share your genealogy and compare DNA to grow an accurate global family tree that's free forever. , "Dementia praecox" - . All rights reserved. , ' . They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. At the Cavendish, Oppenheimer had the opportunity to collaborate with the British scientific community in its efforts to advance the cause of atomic research. With Hitler's rise to power, Biography explains, Oppenheimer and his fellow scientists feared that Germany would create a nuclear bomb. Oppenheimer was born on April 22, 1904, in New York City, to German Jewish immigrants. Biography and associated logos are trademarks of A+E Networksprotected in the US and other countries around the globe. Ella Friedman's family had been based in New York for many, many years. . Astrological Sign: Taurus, Death Year: 1967, Death date: February 18, 1967, Death State: New Jersey, Death City: Princeton, Death Country: United States, Article Title: J. Robert Oppenheimer Biography, Author: Biography.com Editors, Website Name: The Biography.com website, Url: https://www.biography.com/scientists/j-robert-oppenheimer, Publisher: A&E; Television Networks, Last Updated: May 6, 2021, Original Published Date: April 2, 2014. The progressive society placed an emphasis on social justice, civic responsibility, and secular humanism. , , , . He was very much excited about his invention in the beginning, but when he actual saw the test explosion (Trinity Explosion) he began having a change of heart. Since quantum theory had been proposed only a few years before, the university post provided him an excellent opportunity to devote his entire career to the exploration and development of its full significance. Name: School: . 1953, " , . J. Robert Oppenheimer was born on April 22, 1904 to an affluent, Jewish New York family, and he grew up in a world of moderate luxury on the Upper West Side. 1925, , , , . Kitty, however, doted on her daughter and was "purely loving" towards her. . Cecil Rhodes was the original founder but it ultimately set the roots for the wealth in the Oppenheimer family. Robert stayed at a dude ranch 25 miles northeast of Santa Fe with high school teacher Herbert Smith as a companion and mentor. After being bedridden for months, his parents arranged for him to spend the summer of 1922 in New Mexico, a haven for health-seekers. They had two children, Peter and Toni. https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%90 Geni requires JavaScript! 1933, . Robert passed away on month day 1967, at age 62 at death place. 1920s. This shocking opposition led to accusations that Oppenheimer was a Communist supporter. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Listen to J. Robert Oppenheimer's Oral History on Voices of the Manhattan Project. Author of. ^ The meaning of the 'J' in J. Robert Oppenheimer has been a source of confusion. [6]:294 Oppenheimer still remained active, appearing at the Exploratorium nearly daily until the last few weeks of his life. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Brother of Frank Friedman Oppenheimer and Oppenheimer, Julius Robert Oppenheimer [see note] was an American theoretical physicist and professor of physics at the University of California, Berkeley. Oppenheimer received his doctorate in 1927 and accepted professorships at the University of California, Berkeley, and the California Institute of Technology. Although Oppenheimer's wife, Katherine "Kitty" Oppenheimer, is not as revered, the Atomic Heritage Foundationstates that she played a significant role in his life and at his hearing. , , 1942 . In American Prometheus, Bird and Sherwin paint a rich portrait of Oppenheimer's early years. - . After the war Oppenheimer became an advisor of the Atomic Energy Commission, lobbying for international arms control. From 1941 to 1945 Frank worked at the University of California Radiation Laboratory on the problem of uranium isotope separation under the direction of his brother's good friend, Ernest O. [16], The Frank Oppenheimer Fellowship Fund was created at the Exploratorium to provide for the exchange of science museum personnel both nationally and internationally.[2]. Father of Private and Katherine (Toni) Oppenheimer Robert Oppenheimer, the creator of the atomic bomb, was the ultimate storyteller, someone who created different personas to "obscure who he was from the public," according to the novelist . In fact, she was married to her third husband, Richard Harrison, when she met her future fourth husband. Julius was born in Hanau, then part of the Hesse-Nassau province of the Kingdom of Prussia, and came to the United States as a teenager in 1888 with few resources, no money . Ella was born on June 27 1869, in New York. He studied at Alcuin Preparatory School initially and in 1911, he enrolled at the Ethical Culture Society School. With the family's fortune eaten away by Germany's postwar inflation, they were compelled to take on boarders. He graduated in three years, excelling in a wide variety of subjects. J. J. Thomson, who had been awarded the 1906 Nobel Prize in Physics for detecting the electron, agreed to take on Oppenheimer as a student. Updates? It was the perfect time and place for the future physicist to have entered the world: the turn of the century ushered in a golden age of technological advances, and the power of science seemed infinite. This was a 3-dimensional tightly convoluted passage that was completely dark inside, and which visitors had to explore relying on the sense of touch, encountering many tactile experiences along the way. Family Member of Manhattan Project Veteran Peter Oppenheimer is a carpenter, and the son of J. Robert Oppenheimer. As director of the Los Alamos Laboratory, Oppenheimer proved to be an extraordinary choice. What we dont understand, we explain to each other.. His father, Julius Oppenheimer, was a German immigrant who worked in his family's textile importing business. Britannica writes that the Harvard-educated physicist, born in 1904, specialized in atomic research. Browse 20 j. robert oppenheimer family stock photos and images available, or start a new search to explore more stock photos and images. , " . The first atomic bomb was detonated on July 16, 1945, in the Trinity test in New Mexico; Oppenheimer remarked later that it brought to mind words from the Bhagavad Gita: "Now I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds. J. Robert Oppenheimer, in full Julius Robert Oppenheimer, (born April 22, 1904, New York, New York, U.S.died February 18, 1967, Princeton, New Jersey), American theoretical physicist and science administrator, noted as director of the Los Alamos Laboratory (194345) during development of the atomic bomb and as director of the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton (194766). Oppenheimer was instructed to establish and administer a laboratory to carry out this assignment. , , 1908, . [21] The first exhibits in the Exploratorium were constructed with the aid of the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) and the Ames Research Center (NASA). He also knew how to throw a great party! Born in 1904 to wealthy, cultured, German-Jewish New York parents, he was a precocious, though sickly, child who at age nine challenged an older cousin, "Ask me a question in Latin and I will answer you in Greek." , , . Best Known For: J. Robert Oppenheimer is often called the "father of the atomic bomb" for leading the Manhattan Project, the program that developed the first nuclear weapon during World War II. , . That mass was equivalent to energy and that matter could be both wavelike and corpuscular carried implications seen only dimly at that time. Both he and Kitty stated they were loyal to the United States. Robert Oppenheimer [Robert Oppenhemer] Birth. The Exploratorium aimed to introduce and inspire, as well as teach. Manhattan Project Scientific Director Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer was a visionary scientist and an inspirational administrator. Levin Murryworked for theUnited States Engineer District Office. Whatever the case, Robert's affair with her came to light during his 1954 security hearing. After the war, Oppenheimer's earlier involvement with the American Communist Party placed him under scrutiny, and he resigned from his physics position at the University of Minnesota. [19], In 1965, Oppenheimer was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship to study the history of physics and to conduct bubble chamber research at University College, London, where he was exposed to European science museums for the first time. [6], Oppenheimer said he and his wife had joined at a time when they sought answers to the high unemployment experienced in the United States during the later part of the Great Depression. He is perhaps best known as the father of the atomic bomb. This rehabilitation allowed him to gain a position at the University of Colorado teaching physics. The Secretary of Energy on Friday nullified a 1954 decision to revoke the security clearance of J. Robert Oppenheimer, a top government scientist who led the making of . J. Robert Oppenheimer Siblings J. Robert has a younger brother Frank Oppenheimer. ROBERT OPPENHEIMER TO FRANCIS FERGUSSON, November 14, 1926 . In 1936 he sided with the republic during the Civil War in Spain, where he became acquainted with Communist students. On December 21, 1953, he was notified of a military security report unfavourable to him and was accused of having associated with communists in the past, of delaying the naming of Soviet agents, and of opposing the building of the hydrogen bomb. Instead of tour guides, fifteen to twenty college students or secondary students, as well as some adults, were employed as "explainers". , , 1949, , ( " "). , . A security hearing declared him not guilty of treason but ruled that he should not have access to military secrets. This jewel of the Manhattan Project properties has been well cared for by subsequent owners, who recognized the importance of the history that took place there. The remainder of his high school education was completed at Fieldston School in Riverdale; a school operated by the Ethical Culture Society.[8]. I also want to add in an. We express our deepest sympathies to his sister June Oppenheimer Leavitt and the other members of. Upon his return from Europe, he was offered a job planning a new branch of the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, DC, but he instead chose to work on setting up a completely independent new type of museum in San Francisco. Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer, creator of the atom bomb, is shown at his study in Princeton University's Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, N.J., Dec. 15, 1957. Early life Childhood and education. After World War II, he became director of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey. He continued lecturing around the world, and was awarded the Enrico Fermi Award in 1963. [2] In 1982, he married Mildred "Millie" Danielson. A conversation with J. Robert Oppenheimer [motion picture] / CBS ; edited and produced by Edward R. Murrow and Fred W. Friendly ; 1954 Dec 16. [5] During his childhood, he studied painting. By the time the Manhattan Project was launched in the fall of 1942, Oppenheimer was already considered an exceptional theoretical physicist and had become deeply involved in exploring the possibility of an atomic bomb. At the time, Spartacus Educational reported, Robert himself was in a relationship with a woman named Jean Tatlock. The theoretical work of how the atomic bomb would function had to be converted into a practical weapon that could be dropped from an airplane and explode above its target. , . Contents 1 Quotes 2 Misattributed 3 Quotes about Oppenheimer 4 External links Quotes [ edit] There are no secrets about the world of nature. Prior to his assassination in 1963, President .css-47aoac{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;text-decoration-color:inherit;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;color:#A00000;-webkit-transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-47aoac:hover{color:#595959;text-decoration-color:border-link-body-hover;}John F. Kennedy announced Oppenheimer would receive the Enrico Fermi Award for his achievements in physics. , , . Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. , . [22] Oppenheimer strove to make learning a fun and enjoyable experience for all. According to the Institute for Advanced Study, the project utilized various labs across the United States. , -40 " . Also included are papers related to his investigation by the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC). Beginning in 1947, Oppenheimer directed the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, where he convened great scientists. [8], , . In 1963, President John F. Kennedy announced Oppenheimer would receive the Enrico Fermi Award. Per The New York Times, Kitty Oppenheimer died in 1972 at the age of 62. Frank had also visited the Tel Aviv Science Museum in 1965, and later used several of Ivan Moscovich's designs and exhibits in his revolutionary Exploratorium in San Francisco. [6] 20 , , . The leading physicist on the atomic bomb project (part of the Manhattan Project). In spite of Robert's recommendations,[9] Frank and Jackie were married in 1936 and soon both joined the American Communist Party, also against the older brother's advice. As he witnessed the first detonation of a nuclear weapon on July 16, 1945, a piece of Hindu scripture ran through the mind of Robert Oppenheimer: "Now I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds . , , . The project was initially allotted $6,000 by the U.S. government, but by the time the work culminated in 1945, the budget had grown to $2 billion. Although his fathers death in 1937 left Oppenheimer a fortune that allowed him to subsidize anti-Fascist organizations, the tragic suffering inflicted by Joseph Stalin on Russian scientists led him to withdraw his associations with the Communist Partyin fact, he never joined the partyand at the same time reinforced in him a liberal democratic philosophy. J. All Rights Reserved. The optimist thinks this is the best of all possible worlds. [6]:179203. J. Robert Oppenheimer is most famous for being director of the Manhattan Projects laboratory at Los Alamos, New Mexico, where the atomic bomb was designed. This caused a media sensationthat J. Robert Oppenheimer's brother was an admitted former member of the Communist Partyand led to Frank resigning from his post at the University of Minnesota. These actions essentially ended WW II. [16], Four years later, in 1969, the Exploratorium opened its doors for the first timean interactive museum of art, science, and human perception based on the philosophy that science should be fun and accessible for people of all ages, set within the north wing of the stately Palace of Fine Arts of San Francisco. 2005-2023 The Academic Family Tree - . Harry Oppenheimer is also featured, however to a lesser extent. Following a successful career, Rob had recently retired to Florida to enjoy his many pursuits. His younger brother, Frank, would also become a physicist. [6]:104115[16][17][18]. [6]:118, In his work, Oppenheimer followed the well-known old Latin principle Docendo discimus"the best way to learn is to teach". In her words, Kitty was "intolerable" to her son. This led to the dismissal of a personal friend on the faculty at the University of California. He later also joined the Federation of American Scientists,[citation needed] and was a member of the American Physical Society.[2]. This experience restored Oppenheimers health and instilled a deep love for the desert high country. , ' ' , 1906 . Price $1-60. Having a large control of the diamond trade will easily do that. [11] , . His responsibilities included the instrumentation for the Trinity test site, in New Mexico. Robert Oppenheimer was Head of Los Alamos Laboratory. Oppenheimer retired from the Institute for Advanced Study in 1966 and died of throat cancer the following year. (Julius) Robert Oppenheimer was born in New York City on April 22, 1904.