Javascript is switched off in your browser. ", "At every critical turn in a mans life, the rivers blessings were imparted through the going to the water rite, which required prayers that were lent spiritual force with new water from free-flowing streams. Tsulkalu: a great giant of Cherokee legend, whose footprints could sometimes be seen along the banks of the Tuckasegee. Introduction to Cherokee Mythology and Folklore. WebThe Cherokee belived in many Gods and Spirits. Retrieved from, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cherokee_spiritual_beliefs&oldid=1138953123, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. We have 13 individual gods listed in the Cherokee pantheon of gods and spirits. Yehl and Khanukh are opposing forces of nature. She rules over the Underworld for coastal Inuits that are awaiting reincarnation, Adlivun. Ocasta created witches and drifted from village to village stirring up turmoil. Since the Underworld was an opposite reflection of our world, Masauwu performed many normal actions backward. [5] In his book Where the Lightning Strikes: The Lives of American Indian Sacred Places, anthropologist Peter Nabokov writes:[6], "Fire was the medium of transformation, turning offerings into gifts for spiritual intercessors for the four quarters of the earth. Living Stories of the Cherokee. It was their most sacred possession. WebThe Spirits and Beings of the Cherokee Indians. There are various branches of Yupik languages spoken today. For the full alphabetical list of alternative names, But for the most part, they still form a unified system of theology. Web+93 20 22 34 790 info@aima.org.af. Traditional Inuit beliefs were tied to day-to-day routine, with souls and spirits playing a significant role. WebUnetlanvhi (oo-net-la-nuh-hee): the Cherokee word for God or Great Spirit, is Unetlanvhi is considered to be a divine spirit with no human form. The major creator god of Muscogee Native Americans, Ibofanaga created the earth to keep the Upper and Under Worlds separate. Oh woe. In all ways, he is the opposite of Yehl. WebThe Gods, Goddesses, Spirits and legendary characters of Cherokee mythology. This was the bears wallowing spot and was said to have great powers. When thunder sounds, the boys are playing ball. The other animals in Gl'lt were eager to come down to the new earth, and first birds were sent to see if the mud was dry. The world was ever dark, and Sun's tears became a flood. WebUnetlanvhi (oo-net-la-nuh-hee): the Cherokee word for God or Great Spirit, is Unetlanvhi is considered to be a divine spirit with no human form. Design by Element Advertising WebThe Gods, Goddesses, Spirits and legendary characters of Native American mythology. The Museum of the Cherokee Indian, named One of the top ten native sites east of the Mississippi by Cowboys & Indians Magazine, is open year round and gives families a unique, fun way to experience the history of the Cherokee people and their beautiful stories. Examples: JUPITER, JUP, JUPI. The trails interlace through the nearby Great Smoky Mountains, so you already know the views and terrain will take your breath away, even if your recreation of choice doesnt! [14], Fire is a very important tool in every day use. We have tried to collect as many Holy Aliases as possible. He actively opposed Hahgwehdiyu every step of the way. Her sons, the Twin Thunder Boys, killed her when they spied upon her and decided she was a witch. The buzzard was sent ahead to make preparations for the others, but the earth was still soft. Unetlanvhi is the Creator: the Great Spirit that knows and sees all. The name comes from his coat which was made of pieces of flint. In Navajo mythology, Tsohanoai is the husband of the goddess of seasons, Estsanatlehi. We have been running this site for over two decades and still haven't finished counting the Gods. Please mention Godchecker.com when praying to the Gods. They are one of many indigenous groups that have resiliently survived a history soaked in attempted assimilation and genocide. Fayetu is the son of Uvce, the corn goddess, and her father, the sun god Hvuse. Theda Perdue and Michael Green write in their book The Columbia Guide to American Indians of the Southeast,[4], "These features served as mnemonic devices to remind them of the beginning of the world, the spiritual forces that inhabited it, and their responsibilities to it. Furthermore, not all Apache tribes have a creation myth. These other thunders are always plotting mischief.[13]. Godchecker is a trade mark used under license. The population of pre-Columbian Americas is estimated to be around 60 million people. They have a heavenly society above the clouds. Medicine was created in order to counteract the animals' punishments. The priests pray to the thunder and he visited the people to bring the rains and blessings from the South. Tulukaruq is the creator god of Yupik religious beliefs. The first on our list of major Apache gods is Ussen (Yusn). However, before the Russian and American colonization of Alaska, it was the ancestral home to numerous diverse cultures; of which, 229 federally recognized tribes have emerged. Sometimes known as First Woman. Seven Cherokee Myths: Creation, Fire, the Primordial Parents, the Nature of Evil, the Family, Universal Suffering, and Communal Obligation. WebThe Cherokee Gods and Their Abiding Places After what has been said in elucidation of the theories involved in the medical formulas, the most important and numerous of the series, but little remains to be added in regard to the others, beyond what is contained in the explanation accompanying each one. Jistu (jeese-doo): A rabbit whose name is They were revered in the first dance of the Green Corn Ceremony held each year. Most of the time they arent shared willy-nilly. The Cherokee believe that signs, visions, dreams and powers were all gifts of the spirits. White Buffalo Calf Woman, called Ptesan-Wi, is a folk hero of the Sioux. On top of this, Ptesan-Wi taught the Sioux many skills and arts that are still cherished today. Today, corn is still grown, but it does not come overnight. He paddled over the surface of the water, but found no place to rest. Other venerated spirits The Cherokee believed that every aspect and thing had a spirit presiding over it, but did not hold a belief in multiple gods. They held it before bed and thought about their day, specifically something of importance or interest. They discovered that Kanti would move a rock concealing a cave, and an animal would come out of the cave only to be killed by Kanti. When the human population increased, so did the weapons, and the animals no longer felt safe. Dayunisi came down from the sky out of curiosity and, in the form of a beetle, dove into the water. Feast on the pageantry. Thats rightif you like your trails with a nice flow of features, with fun berms and quick hits of elevation that are manageable and fun, Fire Mountain is made for you. Gods, goddesses, and other supernatural beings often reflected this view. The name is pronounced similar to oo-net-la-nuh-hee. For all media enquiries please contact us here. Firstly, birds were sent to see if the mud was dry. Jistu (jeese-doo): A rabbit whose name is Constellations and planets play a vital part in understanding Blackfeet heritage. Sioux is a name that was given to the Nakota, Dakota, and Lakota people of the First Nations and Native American peoples. The Cherokee revere the Great Spirit. The Thunder, Chethl was thought to be a giant bird capable of swallowing a whale whole. In her book Cherokee Women: Gender and Culture Change, 17001835, historian Theda Perdue wrote of the Cherokee's historical beliefs:[3], "The Cherokee did not separate spiritual and physical realms but regarded them as one, and they practiced their religion in a host of private daily observances as well as in public ceremonies. Selu, Skili, Spirit Of Madness, Stonecoat. Javascript is switched off in your browser. WebThe Cherokees held that signs, visions, dreams, and powers were all gifts of the spirits, and that their world was intertwined with and presided over by the spirit world . As we review the major Native American gods and goddesses, remember that religious beliefs are varied and unique. It was dark, so they took the Sun and put it in a track to travel east to west. The Indigenous peoples of the Americas have rich, distinct cultures that are impossible to clump into a single belief system. [5] In Cherokee Women: Gender and Culture Change, 1700-1835, Theda Perdue writes:[3], "In this belief system, women balanced men just as summer balanced winter, plants balanced animals, and farming balanced hunting. Hahgwehdiyu grew corn from his mothers body and took it upon himself to create the world. Ahgishanakhou sits all on her lonesome, guarding the Northwestern world pillar beneath the ground. Aniyvdaqualosgi. The network of trails is more than 10.5 miles total, so theres plenty of room for everyone to recreate safely, responsiblyand flowy? ", The first people were a brother and sister. Selu created corn in secret by rubbing her belly or by defecating. Many Gods are spread across different regions, cultures and tribes. Religious beliefs and accompanying stories are passed down by way of oral tradition. WebThe Cherokee traditionally hold that signs, visions, dreams, and powers are all gifts of the spirits, and that the world of humans and the world of the spirits are intertwined, with the spirit world and presiding over both. Of the Blackfeet, only elders were trusted to accurately tell their stories. Occasionally, Monster Slayer could be interpreted to be Born For Waters uncle rather than a brother. WebThe Gods, Goddesses, Spirits and legendary characters of Native American mythology. The story also tells how plants and animals acquired certain characteristics, and is related one of their medicine rituals. Webbest places to visit in arunachal pradesh. Native American deities and beliefs were not homogenous. On March 30, 1867, the United States initiated the Alaska Purchase. It is thought that Esleilay rules over grasshoppers, ants, and locusts. Pronunciation: Coming soon. Nun'Yunu'Wi ("Dressed in Stone") is an evil spirit monster who preys on humans. Javascript is switched off in your browser. [12] This explains why all kinds of plant life help to cure many varieties of diseases. Selu - "Corn." Today, over 120,000 people identify as Sioux across the United States and Canada. The first people were a brother and sister. To the traditional Cherokee, spirituality is woven into the fabric of everyday life. As with the Apache, Navajo languages are descended from southern Athabascan, indicating a close relationship between the tribes. Godchecker's Holy Hit Parade of popular Gods is powered by GodRank Technology. These other thunders are always plotting mischief. [7], Ritual purification is traditionally important for ceremonial and ongoing spiritual balance. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1970. The Cherokee is an indigenous people local to the Southeastern Woodlands of the United States. They held it before bed and thought about their day, specifically something of importance or interest. When it comes to Khanukh, it happens that he is significantly older than Yehl. Cherokee Gods Unetlanvhi. He existed before the creation of the Universe. Web+93 20 22 34 790 info@aima.org.af. Gods are often known by several names. But corrections are always welcome, especially from people with first-hand knowledge. Experience the breathtaking surroundings and long-range views of Sequoyah National Golf Club. Gender: Male. On nights without a moon during the lunar cycle, Hvashi would spend the evenings in the company of her beloved husband. The Cherokee held that there were two classes of the thunder beings, those who lived close to the Earth, and the holiest and most powerful of the thunder beings who lived in the land of the west beyond the Mississippi River, and visited the people to bring the rains and blessings from the South. Religion was far more localized and, from then, beliefs varied from person to person. Their mythology involves a set of totemic creation spirits who are said to have formed the world. WebThe Spirits and Beings of the Cherokee Indians. Cherokee Spirit name "Sutalidihi" Cherokee: Sun spirit. Two early humans were Kanti and Selu. Anpao dances eternally with primordial darkness to keep the solar god, Wi (not to be mistaken with the lunar goddess, also called Wi), from burning the earth. Sky Beings are the personifications of celestial bodies. WebGoddess of healing, headaches, and blisters Cherokee Goddess name "Sehu" Cherokee: Goddess of grain. Known also as the Thunderers, the Aniyvdaqualosgi frequently take on human forms. For the full alphabetical list of alternative names, check out Godchecker's list of Cherokee deity names. WebThe Spirits and Beings of the Cherokee Indians. Webbest places to visit in arunachal pradesh. Not sure of the spelling? 2. More significantly, Makoyohsokoyi (the Milky Way) was determined to be a sacred pathway that the deceased took to travel onto their next lives. So strong were his ties to fire that when Uncta a trickster spider god gave man fire, the fire reported what was happening back to Hashtali. The name is pronounced similar to oo-net-la-nuh-hee. Kanti would hunt and bring an animal home for Selu to prepare. If you include nicknames, official titles and honorifics, some gods have hundreds of names! We have tried to collect as many Holy Aliases as possible. Menu. Here, you can fill your livewell or basket with more than just fish. There were three Thunder Beings from the West in the ancient legends, a greater spirit and his two sons. Introduction to Cherokee Mythology and Folklore, explore the Gods and Spirits of the Cherokee. WebThe Cherokee Gods and Their Abiding Places After what has been said in elucidation of the theories involved in the medical formulas, the most important and numerous of the series, but little remains to be added in regard to the others, beyond what is contained in the explanation accompanying each one. When it was finally dry they all came down. [8], The Story of Corn and Medicine begins with the creation of the earth and animals. Wrapped in deerskin and hidden. In the Blackfoot religion, the Sky Beings are the creations of the creator god, Apistotoki. The Godchecker Holy Database currently contains 22 Cherokee deity names these are listed below. Copyright 1999-2023 Godchecker, Inc. All rights reserved. The Son was goddess of life and day. It is said that all plants, animals, beasts and people once lived in harmony with no separation between them. This mud expanded in every direction and became the earth. The other spirits in Gl'lt were eager to come down to the new earth. It is believed that half of the year belongs to Naestsan while the other half belongs to Yadilyil. The locations of celestial bodies could indicate a change in weather or warn of an incoming storm. The Wahnenauhi Manuscript says that God is Unahlahnauhi, meaning "maker of all things", and Kalvlvtiahi, meaning "the one who lives above". Harrahs features over 21 stories of four-star luxury hotel rooms along with fine dining, the relaxing Mandara Spa, and all of the gaming you can possibly enjoy in the Smokies. Home; ; Website Development by PaleoSun. Only a few trees succeeded as well, cedar, pine, spruce and laurel, so the rest were forced to shed their leaves in the winter. Their mythology involves a set of totemic creation spirits who are said to have formed the world. It is said that they choose who they present themselves to and appear as any other Cherokee would, except that they are small with very long hair. "[15] Modern Cherokee language forums agree the character's actual name is "dilsdohdi"[1] or a derivation of that word, which means scissors or scissoring action [1] referring to the motion this stocky spider is able to use to move across water. They are also imbued with powers and may punish people who are disrespectful toward them. They believed that Mother earth was created by Unetlanvhi, the Great Spirit. Phidippus johnsoni, the red-backed jumping spider [16] is most likely the actual spider who inspired the character in this Cherokee legend as it is endemic to the original Cherokee homelands and has the body features and colors described in the legends as well as the ancient bone etchings of the character. In myths, Yebitsai speaks through a variety of different animals when wanting to communicate with mortals. It was also believed that the plants made medicine to cure each sickness that entered the world. Family trees coming soon! Many legendary characters have more than one name. Described as being a spirit that had two faces, he also can heal the sick. He also made men, women, all animals, and all plants. In 1799, there was a religious movement amongst the Iroquois people called Longhouse religion founded by the Seneca prophet, Handsome Lake. Menu. Of course, Tarqeq also had a torch (the moon), but it was partially blown out during the chase.e. 3. Some of the men were granted great power and became the first medicine men. ", Author John Reid, in his book titled A Law of Blood: The Primitive Law of the Cherokee Nation, writes:[7], "All human diseases were imposed by animals in revenge for killing and each species had invented a disease with which to plague man. There are three different ways you can cite this article. We have 13 individual gods listed in the Cherokee pantheon of gods and spirits. He represented goodness, warmth, and light. For the full alphabetical list of alternative names, She is also known as the sea mother, Nerrivik. [10] It is said that if you bother the Little People too often you will become confused in your day-to-day life. The Pueblo native peoples include the Hopi, Zuni, and Keres. The only way to avoid this disease was to ask the Deer's spirit for forgiveness. Tlanuwa (tlah-noo-wah):in Cherokee legend, these giant birds of prey have impenetrable metal feathers. It is thought that the Muscogee were largely monotheistic in practice, though other lesser deities did exist. They enforce the perspective of dualism that dominated much of early Tlingit culture. Revel in the thrills. Here, our exquisitely beautiful mountain course mixes with ancient Cherokee culture and the most modern golfing experience you can have. Sometimes called First Man. Many legendary characters have more than one name. It was their most sacred possession. He is humorous and fun-loving, acting as a kind protector of the Yupik. These would cause the hunter to lose their appetite, become sick and die. He is known as the Little Fire God. Better described as the Three Sisters, the Deohako are goddesses that preside over staple crops (corn, bean, and squash). He lives with his wife Selu ("Corn") in the east where the sun rises, and their sons, the Twin Thunder Boys, live in the west. The Puebloan religion has a great focus placed on kachina: benevolent spirits. Please do not copy without permission. The twin Thunder Boys are the sons of Kanati and Selu. There is a pond nearby that the Cherokee call Yanunatawastiyi ("where the bears wash"), which is said to have purple water and is now nearly dried up. The Tlingit and Haida tribes are united in the Central Council of the Tlingit and Haida Indian Tribes of Alaska (CCTHITA). Try entering just the first three or four letters. Spiritual beings can come in the form of animal or human and are considered a part of daily life. The Cherokee assigned a feminine personality to the concept of the personification of spiritual evil, and named her "wi-na-go" in the ancient language, and believe that mosquitos were created when she was destroyed in ancient legends. Pronunciation: Coming soon. They are one and the same. Also known to be the Water Beetle, Dayunisi is one of the creator gods of Cherokee religious beliefs. Guests also enjoy a full schedule of world-class entertainment in the 3,000-seat event center. When he grew tired, his wings dipped very low and brushed the soft mud, forming mountains and valleys in the flat ground. Ocasta - "Stonecoat." (Copyright notice.) Plants, animals, and other features of the natural world such as rivers, mountains, caves and other formations on the earth all have spiritual powers and attributes. With her, he is the father of two children: the god of war and the god of fishing. ", According to Reid, some believed animal spirits who had been treated badly could retaliate by sending bad dreams to the hunter. Aniyvdaqualosgi. This immersive village experience will surround you with native culture and shed light on all aspects of Cherokee history. Apistotoki is known as the Source of Life. Traditionally there is no universal evil spirit in Cherokee theology. Please do not copy without permission. [3] The thunder beings were viewed as the most powerful of the servants of the Great Spirit. For the full alphabetical list of alternative names, check out Godchecker's list of Native American deity names . Most of the time, kachina are blessed, benevolent forces; evil spirits amongst them are uncommon. Depending on the variation, Wenabozho is either the demi-god child of the West Wind or of the Sun. Parker, G. K. (2005). To cite this article in an academic-style article or paper, use: Cierra Tolentino, "Native American Gods and Goddesses: Deities from Different Cultures", History Cooperative, October 12, 2022, https://historycooperative.org/native-american-gods-and-goddesses/. swiss immigration to america 1900s; first reformed protestant church jenison. These trees were given the gift of staying green year-round. It hangs from the sky by cords attached at the four cardinal points. Cherokee Goddess name "Utlunta" Cherokee: Goddess of physical prowess. The Sun was not watching in the darkness and bad things happened. Unk is personified contention; as such, she is the root cause of quarrels and disagreements. [4], Fire is important in traditional Cherokee beliefs, as well as in other Indigenous cultures of the Southeastern United States. Some of the beliefs, and the stories and songs in which they have been preserved, exist in slightly different forms in the different communities in which they have been preserved. Role: Unknown at present. For all media enquiries please contact us here. Gods are often known by several names. They all were told to stay awake for seven nights, but only a few animals such as the owl and panther were able to; and so these two were given the power to see and hunt at night. Cherokee spiritual beliefs are held in common among the Cherokee people Native American peoples who are indigenous to the Southeastern Woodlands, and today live primarily in communities in North Carolina (the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians), and Oklahoma (the Cherokee Nation and United Keetowah Band of Cherokee Indians). WebCherokee Demon Also known as Ewah, Spirit Of Madness Nightmarishly ugly demon of insanity Enumclaw Cherokee God of Lightning Trouble-making Lightning God Asgaya Gigagei Cherokee God of Thunder Also known as Asagaya-Gigaei Cherokee Red Thunder God of Lightning Skili Cherokee Demoness Cherokee Owl Demons Dayunsi document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Gods of Death WebThe Native American Cherokee people of the Appalachians have a complex set of spiritual beliefs. As is the case with Native American tribes of the United States Mainland, the Indigenous peoples of Alaska are culturally diverse. Indians kept an eternal fire burning for the Sun. From the mud carried by Dayunisi the earth as we know it today was made. An Asgina is any sort of spirit, but it is usually considered to be a malevolent one. After which they would eat the heart of the victim. The name is pronounced similar to oo-net-la-nuh-hee. Many Cherokee tales about the Uktena have to do with Cherokee heroes slaying one of these giant horned beasts. Cherokee Goddess name "Utlunta" Cherokee: Goddess of physical prowess. While in Cherokee, dont miss your chance to experience one of the finest casinos in the Southeast. We have tried to collect as many Holy Aliases as possible. They live in the land of the west above the sky. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Alternative names: Ewah, Spirit Of Madness. Celebration or Feast Day: Unknown at present. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1966, "Visiting Our Past: Asheville before Asheville: Cherokee girls, De Soto's crimes", "Legendary Native American Figures: Unetlanvhi (Ouga)", Cherokee Nation. Religion as a whole emphasized life, death, and the roles of intermediary spirits. Of all the Inuit deities, Sedna is the most famous. Hvashi was the wife of Hashtali and the mother of Unknown Woman. Please mention Godchecker.com when praying to the Gods. He is a fertility spirit with a distinct hunchback. Both cultures as with most tribes ancestrally tied to the western reaches of North America created totem poles. The chief Gods were believed to be the Sun and Moon, who lived in the " Upper World". (The first written account of the Cherokee fire origin story was recorded by the Westerner James Mooney, this appears to be when the spider heroine was first named, "Water Spider." 1. Many legendary characters have more than one name. Spiritual leaders in the community could communicate with different supernatural entities, from spirits to gods. [17] The Unetlanvhi is omnipotent, omnipresent, and omniscient, and is said to have made the earth to provide for its children, and should be of equal power to Dyuni's, the Water Beetle. The family treated this boy like one of their own, except they called him "The Wild Boy". [3], Unlike some other religions, in the Cherokee belief system, humans do not rule or have dominion over the earth, plants or animals. She scooped mud up and upon bringing it to the surface the mud expanded. The Empusa: Beautiful Monsters of Greek Mythology, iPhone History: A Timeline of Every Model in Order, US History Timeline: The Dates of Americas Journey, Ancient Civilizations Timeline: 16 Oldest Known Cultures From Around The World, Why Are Hot Dogs Called Hot Dogs? Generally, Unetlanvhi does not have a Dayunisi. Although removed from direct mythology themselves, Apistotoki created the Sspommitapiiksi, the Sky Beings, and is hierarchically above the other deities. Indians kept an eternal fire burning for the Sun. If your web page requires an HTML link, please insert this code: . Their name is pronounced similar to nun-nay-hee. Other venerated spirits The Cherokee believed that every aspect and thing had a spirit presiding over it, but did not hold a belief in multiple gods. dymo mobilelabeler vs p-touch cube; camping near burntcoat head They are more inclined to identify themselves as Nde or Inde, meaning the people.. Gods are often known by several names. She instructed the boys to wait behind while she was gone, but they disobeyed and followed her. Examples: JUPITER, JUP, JUPI. Spiritual beings can come in the form of animal or human and are considered a part of daily life. She had taught Navajo women how to weave and has a penchant for mischief. When the Cherokee left this realm of existence, they spend a period of time as a spirit. Nunnehi (nun-nay-hee; travelers): these creatures take the form of friendly spirits. Please do not copy without permission. When he came of marriageable age, his mother gifted him a headdress of blue jay feathers and a flute that summoned numerous animals. Gender: Male. Type: Demon. Amulets, carved in the form of a certain animal, also hold immense cultural and spiritual significance for Yupik peoples. Thus, taboos were meant to be avoided at all costlest one offended the wrong god. This explains why people must hunt for food now. Naapi is a trickster god and cultural hero. He scurried over the surface of the water, but found no solid place to rest. This list of names from Cherokee mythology compiled by the data dwarves at Godchecker.com. WebThe complete alphabetical list of Cherokee Gods and Goddess names. Weve tried to pin them down to a particular area if possible. Introduction pending The Wahnenauhi Manuscript: Historical Sketches of the Cherokee. The chief Gods were believed to be the Sun and Moon, who lived in the " Upper World". Apache gods (diy) are described as natural forces in the world that can be called upon during certain ceremonies. Were currently working on this page. While we will touch on select Native American peoples, some information has unfortunately been lost as a direct result of colonization, forced assimilation, and genocide. Ironically, these young men turned out to be opposites. The trailhead is located about 100 yards from the Oconaluftee Indian Village in Cherokeeand shares a parking lot. There is reason to believe that each of the four Hiyouyulgee represented a specific cardinal direction. The Fire Mountain Trails are Cherokees newest source for big adventurea multiuse trail system thats made to mountain bike, hike, or run. Generally, Unetlanvhi does not have a Dayunisi. Contact us here. Learn about the ancient fishing weir, which once served as a significant tool for the Cherokee to provide subsistence for their villages. Sedna is the simultaneous mother and goddess of sea creatures. WebThe Cherokees held that signs, visions, dreams, and powers were all gifts of the spirits, and that their world was intertwined with and presided over by the spirit world . It was their most sacred possession. Instead, one might relay an incident that happened to someone else.
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