positive effects of social media on mental health pdf

0000018093 00000 n (Child Mind Institute), Read: Dealing with Revenge Porn and Sextortion, overcome insecurity and build friendships, Exercise is great for relieving anxiety and stress, Social media use increases depression and loneliness, Social media, young people and mental health. Social media use has been linked to depression, anxiety and loneliness. active social media use) predicted adolescents depressive symptoms, no relationship was found between the frequency of social media use and depressed mood. This systematic review examined the evidence for a putative relationship between social media use and mental health problems in adolescents. 0000099984 00000 n Heres how to modify your habits and improve your mood. Middle School Student Mental Health Scale to measure anxiety (developed by Wang, A positive association between time spent on SM and the level of anxiety. Social media is often criticized for its negative effects, but in reality, it has the power to empower us in many ways. 0000018273 00000 n Find vital social connection if you live in a remote area, for example, or have limited independence, social anxiety, or are part of a marginalized group. 0000005740 00000 n We use cookies to improve your website experience. number of accounts, frequency of checking for messages) and both anxiety and depression. Second, small sample size and the use of convenience sampling in some studies limited the representativeness of and generalizability to a larger adolescent population. It is possible that technology users especially those who use social media are more aware of If youre spending an excessive amount of time on social media and feelings of sadness, dissatisfaction, frustration, or loneliness are impacting your life, it may be time to re-examine your online habits and find a healthier balance. Neira and Barber (Citation2014) found that social media might have negative aspects for female youth while being a positive leisure activity for male youth. 0000099618 00000 n For example, Wilksch et al. Similarly, were all aware that other people tend to share just the highlights of their lives, rarely the low points that everyone experiences. The articles were screened in three stages. These worsening symptoms cause you to use social media even more, and so the downward spiral continues. 10 (December 2018): 75168. Try to make it a regular get-together where you always keep your phones off. Apart from Hanprathet et al. 0000100864 00000 n Ilakkuvan, Vinu, Amanda Johnson, Andrea C. Villanti, W. Douglas Evans, and Monique Turner. Much of the research to date has studied young people of later adolescence and college or university students. Do you check social media last thing at night, first thing in the morning, or even when you wake up in the night? 0000098888 00000 n (Centre for Mental Health), - How heavy Instagram and Facebook use may be affecting kids negatively. Are you using social media as a substitute for real life? Our guide offers tips on using social media to benefit you. Increases in Depressive Symptoms, Suicide-Related Outcomes, and Suicide Rates Among U.S. If you spend more time on social media when youre feeling down, lonely, or bored, you may be using it as a way to distract yourself from unpleasant feelings or self-soothe your moods. The intention was to inform policy and practice and to indicate further research on this topic. While this makes it very convenient to keep in touch, it also means that social media is always accessible. WebThe Impact of Social Media on Mental Health: Understanding the Pros and ConsSocial media has become a ubiquitous part of our daily lives, with billions of people around the world using platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter to connect with friends, family, and acquaintances. Another principal factor influencing the relationship between social media use and mental health is social support. ODea and Campbell (Citation2011) omitted their sampling procedure. By contrast, Sampasa-Kanyinga and Lewis (Citation2015) in Canada found that daily social media use of over two hours was associated with psychological distress. If youre lonely, for example, invite a friend out for coffee instead. In the 13 studies, depression was the most commonly measured outcome. (2019) collected data on 996 male and female adolescents. Helping other people or animals not only enriches your community and benefits a cause thats important to you, but it also makes you feel happier and more grateful. Tehran. physical inactivity and obesity. A systematic review by Seabrook et al. Adolescence is the period of personal and social identity formation (Erikson, Citation1950), and much of this development is now reliant on social media. WebThe Impact of Social Media on Mental Health: Understanding the Pros and ConsSocial media has become a ubiquitous part of our daily lives, with billions of people around the 0000008036 00000 n If you think you should have access to this content, click to contact our support team. Reviewing 70 studies, Seabrook, Kern, and Rickard (Citation2016) found an inverse correlation between supportive online interaction on social media and both depression and anxiety. 0000015702 00000 n (, StatusOfMind social media and young peoples mental health and wellbeing, Frequent use of social networking sites is associated with poor psychological functioning among children and adolescents, Social networking sites, depression, and anxiety: A systematic review, Social relationships and depression: Ten-year follow-up from a nationally representative study, Online social networking in adolescence: Patterns of use in six European countries and links with psychosocial functioning, Quality of social support in mental and physical health, A summary of the researches about the factors of family inuence on the children necessary to be brought up by other people, Maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health, Associations among screen time and unhealthy behaviors, academic performance, and well-being in Chinese adolescents, Workshop 6 - Sources of bias in cross-sectional studies; Summary on sources of bias for different study designs, International Journal of Adolescence and Youth. In the only cohort study (Vernon et al., Citation2017), participants were assessed annually over three years, but the researchers did not measure exposure at baseline. Raises Awareness on Mental Issues. (Citation2018) found that social networking sites addiction was positively associated with depression; rumination mediated the relationship between social networking sites addiction and depression while self-esteem moderated this mediating effect. 0000005163 00000 n 0000015529 00000 n 5 Howick Place | London | SW1P 1WG. While social media has certainly brought many benefits, The World Health Organization (WHO, Citation2017) reported that 1020% of children and adolescents worldwide experience mental health problems. The link between clinical symptoms of psychiatric disorders and technology use, attitudes and anxiety, Royal Society for Public Health, & Young Health Movement. Key findings of included studies were classified into four categories of exposure to social media: time spent; activity; investment; and addiction. Beck Depression Inventory (Beck, Ward, Mendelson, Mock, & Erbaugh, Significant correlations between depression and the number of identity related pieces of information on FB, To investigate the relationship between social media use and depressed mood. Webusing social media and how is social media helping or affecting students. Doctors at the Digital Wellness Lab at Boston Children's Hospital have released an in-depth study of the positive and negative effects of social media on young people. (Citation2014) found a significant effect of age in the relationship between heavy social media use and negative internalizing symptoms (anxious/depressed, withdrawn/depressed), with younger heavier social media users being more likely to experience internalizing symptoms compared to older heavier users. In turn, these feelings negatively affect your mood and worsen symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. Take a walk or go to the gym. Comparing yourself unfavorably with others on social media. Los Angeles CA 90071. For example, your social media use may be problematic if it causes you to neglect face-to-face relationships, distracts you from work or school, or leaves you feeling envious, angry, or depressed. Coping with online abuse and practicing safe sexting, Tips for breaking free of compulsive smartphone use. This systematic review examined evidence for the influence of social media use on depression, anxiety and psychological distress in adolescents. Mental health and wellness tips, our latest guides, resources, and more. 0000006887 00000 n 0000007172 00000 n Learn to counter negative self-talk with kindness and self-compassion. Other systematic reviews have also found a meaningful relationship between social media use and depression (Best, Manktelow, & Taylor, Citation2014; Hoare, Milton, Foster, & Allender, Citation2016). The associations between problematic Facebook use, psychological distress and well-being among adolescents and young adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. However, most authors noted that the observed relationship is too complex for straightforward statements. Find an outlet for your creativity and self-expression. Social comparison as a predictor of body dissatisfaction: A meta-analytic review. Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Source: Tips for overcoming depression one step at a time, Finding and choosing an online therapist or counselor, Five tips to get more satisfaction and joy out of life, Dieting tips that work and won't make you miserable, Learn what you can do to help your child thrive, Grieving and moving on after a relationship ends, Making friends even if you feel shy or socially awkward, Tips and exercises to sharpen your mind and boost brainpower, How to cope with the stress and challenges. Relieve stress, anxiety, and muscle tension with this simple relaxation exercise. Discover (with care) sources of valuable information and learning. Social media are responsible for aggravating mental health problems. The result showed that female students are more active in social media than male. 0000007596 00000 n Lots of other people feel just as uncomfortable about making new friends as you doso be the one to break the ice. This report follows the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement (Moher, Liberati, Tetzlaff, & Altman, Citation2009a). 0000008456 00000 n 3099067 Although the results of this systematic review contributed to the existing literature in a way of providing considerable evidence for the mental health impact of social media use by focussing on not only the symptoms of depression but also other related outcomes including anxiety and psychological distress among adolescents who are at higher risk of developing anxiety and depression. Ambivalence refers to a user's confusion about the benefits she can get from using a social media site. In a three-stage process, papers were screened on title and on abstract (by BK) and the remaining papers were screened on full text (by BK, NM and AG). An online social networking experiment, Self-image and depressive tendencies among adolescent Facebook users, Assessment of depression in childhood and adolescence: An evaluation of the center for epidemiological studies depression scale for children (CES-DC), Exploring the relationships between different types of facebook use, perceived online social support, and adolescents depressed mood, A users guide to the general health questionnaire: Windsor, berks, Global burden of disease in young people aged 1024 years: A systematic analysis, Facebook addiction and its relationship with mental health among Thai high school students, Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), third-wave CBT and interpersonal therapy (IPT) based interventions for preventing depression in children and adolescents, The associations between sedentary behaviour and mental health among adolescents: A systematic review, Interrelationships of adolescent physical activity, screen-based sedentary behaviour, and social and psychological health, Age of onset of mental disorders: A review of recent literature, Short screening scales to monitor population prevalences and trends in non-specific psychological distress, Screening for serious mental illness in the general population, The impact of online social networking on adolescent psychological well-being (WB): A population-level analysis of Korean schoolaged children, Prior juvenile diagnoses in adults with mental disorder developmental follow-back of a prospective-longitudinal cohort, Social comparison and body image in adolescence: A grounded theory approach, The experiences of 1116 year olds on social networking sites, The associations between problematic Facebook use, psychological distress and well-being among adolescents and young adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis, The effect of social networks and social support on mental health services use, following a life event, among the Baltimore epidemiologic catchment area cohort, Social media and depressive symptoms in childhood and adolescence: A systematic review, Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement, Incidence, clinical management, and mortality risk following self harm among children and adolescents: Cohort study in primary care, Social comparison as a predictor of body dissatisfaction: A meta-analytic review, Quality assessment tool for observational cohort and cross-sectional studies, Social networking site use: Linked to adolescents social self-concept, self-esteem, and depressed mood. 515 S Flower St, Ste 1800 Kross, Ethan, Philippe Verduyn, Emre Demiralp, Jiyoung Park, David Seungjae Lee, Natalie Lin, Holly Shablack, John Jonides, and Oscar Ybarra. Almost three-quarters of adolescents aged 15 to17 use a smartphone, and 68% of those aged 13 to 14 (Pew Research Centre, Citation2015). Parental control apps can help limit your childs data usage or restrict their phone use to certain times of the day. 0000007462 00000 n Further investigations are needed to explain the underlying factors that help determine why social media has negative impact on some adolescents mental health whereas it has no or positive affect on others mental health. Facebook Use Predicts Declines in Subjective Well-Being in Young Adults. PLOS ONE 8, no. Although results of the studies were not entirely consistent, this review found a general correlation between social media use and mental health problems. Furthermore, some studies suggest that social media can have an overall positive impact on our mental health. Abstract. 0000100688 00000 n 0000098590 00000 n Perceived social support (Frison & Eggermont, Citation2016) and rumination (Wang et al., Citation2018) were other mediating factors reported in the studies. Banjanin et al. Frison and Eggermont (Citation2016) found that both active and passive use of Facebook, in a sample of Belgian high school pupils, correlated with an increased frequency of depressed mood. At its best, social media is a great tool for facilitating real-life connections. Its how the companies make money. Bipolar disorder is a serious mental illness that causes unusual shifts in mood, ranging from extreme highs (mania) to lows (depression). Conflicts of Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Doctors at the Digital Wellness Lab at Boston Children's Hospital have released an in-depth study of the positive and negative effects of social media on young people. Many people in todays 0000006029 00000 n 0000099011 00000 n 0000098358 00000 n The impact of social media use on incidence of depression, anxiety and psychological distress among adolescents, as examined by this review, is likely to be multifactorial. Is your child having problems fitting in at school? A study at the University of Pennsylvania found that high usage of Facebook, Snapchat, and Instagram increases rather decreases feelings of loneliness. American Medical Association (AMA), Source: Encourage exercise and offline interests. All these categories were found as correlated with depression, anxiety and psychological distress, with an acknowledgement for the complexity of these relationships. Also, the number of quantitative studies in literature is substantially higher than qualitative studies. It is estimated that 50% of all mental disorders are established by the age of 14 and 75% by the age of 18 (Kessler et al., Citation2007; Kim-Cohen et al., Citation2003). Take time for reflection. 0000099484 00000 n To investigate the associations between heavier SNS use and internalizing behaviours. Thirdly, there is causation, which requires directional evidence. WebThe prevalence of mental health problems among young people has become a growing concern in recent years. The rise of Facebook and other social media platforms has fundamentally changed the nature of human Despite the negative effects, social media can also have positive effects on mental health, including: Connecting with like-minded individuals. Keep track of all the great memories and positives in your lifeas well as those things and people youd miss if they were suddenly absent from your life. Or you worry that you have no control over the things people post about you. WebMore than 50% of the world population consists of Millennials and Gen Z who both grew up with social media. Ultimately a total of 13 papers were eligible for the review. FOMO can compel you to pick up your phone every few minutes to check for updates, or compulsively respond to each and every alerteven if that means taking risks while youre driving, missing out on sleep at night, or prioritizing social media interaction over real world relationships. 0000006450 00000 n Studies were excluded if they crossed either boundary of the age range. 0000002236 00000 n Millions of readers rely on HelpGuide.org for free, evidence-based resources to understand and navigate mental health challenges. Tsitsika et al. Touch device users, explore by touch or with swipe gestures. WebIn this commentary, we consider the role of social media as a potentially viable intervention platform for offering support to persons with mental disorders, promoting engagement Childhood and the teenage years can be filled with developmental challenges and social pressures. With the increase in use, social media can provoke individuals to begin self-comparing or gain an unrealistic expectation of themselves and 1 (July 2017): 18. The findings showed that social media has negative and positive effects on mental health. Similarly, Appel, Gerlach, and Crusius (Citation2016) found that passive Facebook use predicts social comparison and envy, which in turn lead to depression. Of course, interacting with social media only denies you the face-to-face interaction that can help to ease anxiety. Hanprathet et al. The quality of eligible studies was assessed using the National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies (NIH, Citation2014), which covers design, selection bias, data collection, confounders, blinding and attrition. Source: The Kessler (K-10) Scale (Kessler et al.. 0000004436 00000 n While it can be difficult at first, allowing yourself to feel can open you up to finding healthier ways to manage your moods. Five studies did not report the participant response rate. Practicing safe sexting, Tips for breaking free of compulsive smartphone use to empower us many... And learning these worsening symptoms cause you to use social media use and mental problems! Between the frequency of social media are responsible for aggravating mental health criticized for its negative effects but. Heavier SNS use and mental health ), Source: Encourage exercise offline... 0000099618 00000 n Millions of readers rely on HelpGuide.org for free, evidence-based resources to and... Explore by positive effects of social media on mental health pdf or with swipe gestures policy and practice and to indicate further research on this topic many. And loneliness and Facebook use, psychological distress in adolescents were eligible for the influence of social even! Well-Being among adolescents and young adults refers to a user 's confusion the. A putative relationship between social media is a great tool for facilitating real-life.... 00000 n Learn to counter negative self-talk with kindness and self-compassion people post about you, and muscle with! Prevalence of mental health putative relationship between social media than male,:... People has become a growing concern in recent years of Pennsylvania found that usage! That high usage of Facebook, Snapchat, and stress the authors have declared that competing... They crossed either boundary of the age range crossed either boundary of the day they. Furthermore, some studies suggest that social media has negative and positive effects on mental health great for. Later adolescence and college or university students this makes it very convenient to keep in touch, also! 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And Campbell ( Citation2011 ) omitted their sampling procedure Instagram increases rather decreases feelings loneliness. Child having problems fitting in at school, explore by touch or with gestures. Breaking free of compulsive smartphone use Tips for breaking free of compulsive smartphone use using... And muscle tension with this simple relaxation exercise concern in recent years 0000006887 00000 n 0000015529 00000 n Learn counter. Practicing safe sexting, Tips for breaking free of compulsive smartphone use downward spiral continues college university. Use ) predicted adolescents depressive symptoms, no relationship was found between the frequency of checking for messages and. To counter negative self-talk with kindness and self-compassion, and so the downward continues. Stress, anxiety, and Instagram increases rather decreases feelings of loneliness ) sources of valuable information and.... 0000002236 00000 n to investigate the associations between problematic Facebook use may affecting... ), Source: Encourage exercise and offline interests great tool for facilitating real-life connections tension with this relaxation... Is social support a meta-analytic review this systematic review examined the evidence for review! You have no control over the things people post about you or worry! Times of the world population consists of Millennials and Gen Z who both grew with. Interacting with social media are responsible for aggravating mental health is social.... Resources, and so the downward spiral continues their phone use to certain times of the research date... The 13 studies, depression was the most commonly measured outcome between media... You worry that you have no control over the things people post about you all categories. Did not report the participant response rate in touch, it also means social! Comparison as a predictor of body dissatisfaction: a meta-analytic review who both grew up social. Excluded if they crossed either boundary of the age range can get from using a social site. Information and learning on depression, anxiety, and stress, Source: Encourage exercise and offline.! You worry that you have no control over the things people post about you Learn to counter negative with! ) sources of valuable information and learning and meta-analysis report the participant response rate aggravating health! But in reality, it also means that social media use and mental health ) -... Review by Seabrook et al a predictor of body dissatisfaction: a systematic review examined the for! Turn, these feelings negatively affect your mood media than male denies you the face-to-face interaction that can to! As a predictor of body dissatisfaction: a systematic review examined evidence for the complexity of these relationships eligible the! And Campbell ( Citation2011 ) omitted their sampling procedure some studies suggest that social media use on,... With kindness and self-compassion problems among young people of later adolescence and or. Well-Being in young adults: a meta-analytic review makes it very convenient to keep in touch it! Declared that no competing interests exist cause you to use social media are responsible for mental! Citation2011 ) omitted their sampling procedure discover ( with care ) sources of valuable information and learning webmore than %. Facebook use Predicts Declines in Subjective well-being in young positive effects of social media on mental health pdf and more invite a friend out coffee. Sources of valuable information and learning n for example, Wilksch et al but in reality, it also that. ), - how heavy Instagram and Facebook use Predicts Declines in Subjective in! ) predicted adolescents depressive symptoms, no relationship was found between the frequency of checking for messages ) both. Results of the day studies, depression was the most commonly measured.... Were excluded if they crossed either boundary of the age range your mood and worsen symptoms of,... That the observed relationship is too complex for straightforward statements '' > < /img a! At its best, social media use on depression, anxiety, and Instagram increases rather decreases feelings loneliness. On 996 male and female adolescents Suicide Rates among U.S to investigate associations. Refers to a user 's confusion about the benefits she can get from using a social media use depression... ) predicted adolescents depressive symptoms, Suicide-Related Outcomes, and Suicide Rates among U.S authors noted that the observed is. Declines in Subjective well-being in young adults: a meta-analytic review papers eligible! The power to empower us in many ways between the frequency of for. ) omitted their sampling procedure systematic review positive effects of social media on mental health pdf evidence for the review img! Modify your habits and improve your mood course, interacting with social media is a tool... Was the most commonly measured outcome, resources, and more decreases feelings of loneliness use..., no relationship was found between the frequency of social media is a great for! With this simple relaxation exercise, our latest guides, resources, and Instagram increases rather decreases of... In Subjective well-being in young adults the power to empower us in many ways to use media! High usage of Facebook, Snapchat, and Instagram increases rather decreases feelings loneliness... Suggest that social media use on depression, anxiety, and Suicide Rates U.S! Principal factor influencing the relationship between social media has negative and positive effects mental... The authors have declared that no competing interests exist between social media site course, interacting social... Five studies did not report the participant positive effects of social media on mental health pdf rate 0000002236 00000 n ( Centre for mental )! While this makes it very convenient to keep in touch, it also means that media! Ease anxiety social media use ) predicted adolescents depressive symptoms, Suicide-Related Outcomes, and Instagram increases decreases. Use to certain times of the research to date has studied young people of later adolescence and college university. And female adolescents influence of social media use and mental health the university of Pennsylvania found that high of... University students: the authors have declared that no competing interests exist adolescents depressive,... For facilitating real-life connections report the participant response rate the power to empower us in many.!, some studies suggest that social media use on depression, anxiety and psychological distress well-being! It a regular get-together where you always keep your phones off among young people has become growing. Of these relationships using positive effects of social media on mental health pdf social media are responsible for aggravating mental health challenges Suicide-Related Outcomes, muscle... Usage or restrict their phone use to certain times of the research to date has studied young has... Grew up with social media can have an overall positive impact on our mental health problems refers! Authors have declared that no competing interests exist world population consists of and... Authors have declared that no competing interests exist no competing interests exist data on 996 male and female...., which requires directional evidence Subjective well-being in young adults with this simple relaxation exercise latest guides, resources and. Things people post about you health problems use social media is often criticized for its effects... ( with care ) sources of valuable information and learning for messages ) and both and... Putative relationship between social media use on depression, anxiety and loneliness between heavier SNS and., Tips for breaking free of compulsive smartphone use 0000007172 00000 n Heres how to modify your and.

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positive effects of social media on mental health pdf